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Business Plans

Market Analysis in a Business Plan: How to Write It

By Priya Raman··8 min read

Key takeaways

  • The market analysis proves demand is real: how big the market is, who the customer is, where it is heading, and why you win.
  • Cover four parts in order: industry analysis, target market, competitive analysis, and barriers to entry.
  • Size the market with a top-down and bottom-up funnel (TAM, SAM, SOM) and cite every figure with its source and year.
  • Define the target market narrowly; 'everyone' is not a market and weakens your revenue forecast.
  • Relate every statistic back to your business, and move raw supporting data to the appendix.

The market analysis in a business plan is the section that proves there are enough of the right customers to build a business on, and that you understand them better than the competition does. It answers four questions in order: how big is the market, who exactly is the customer, is demand growing or shrinking, and why are you positioned to win a share of it. Done well, it turns your plan from a hopeful story into a researched case a lender or investor can believe.

What a market analysis is, and what it proves

A market analysisis the evidence layer of your plan. Reviewers do not fund conviction; they fund demonstrated demand. This section shows the size and shape of your market, the specific customer you serve, and the competitive gap you fill, each claim tied to a source rather than an opinion. From the lender's side of the desk, a weak market analysis is the fastest way to lose confidence in everything that follows, because if the demand is not real, the projections cannot be either.

What to include in a market analysis

The section has four standard parts. Cover each, in this order:

  1. Industry analysis — the size, growth rate, and trends of the industry you operate in, with sourced figures.
  2. Target market — exactly who buys, their demographics or firmographics, and how many of them there are.
  3. Competitive analysis — who you are up against and where the gap is. We treat this in depth in the competitive analysis guide.
  4. Barriers to entry — what stops the next entrant from taking your share, and how you clear those barriers yourself.

How to write a market analysis, step by step

Start top-down to frame the opportunity, then go bottom-up to make it credible, and finish by connecting every number back to your business. The discipline that separates a fundable market analysis from a generic one is relentless relevance: a statistic that does not change a decision about your business does not belong in the section. Move supporting tables and raw data to the appendix and keep the narrative to the figures that matter.

Industry analysis: sizing the market

Open with the industry's total size and its direction. Pull figures from real sources — IBISWorld, Statista, trade associations, or government data — and cite the year, because a reviewer will discount an unsourced number to zero. Then narrow from the whole industry to the slice you can actually serve. The cleanest way to show this is the market sizing funnel from total market to serviceable market to the share you realistically capture, so the reader sees both ambition and realism in one view.

Target market analysis

A market is not "everyone." The strongest plans name a specific customer and quantify them: for a B2C product, the demographics, location, and spending behavior; for B2B, the company size, industry, and the buyer's role. As an illustration, "urban professionals aged 25–40 within a three-mile radius who buy specialty coffee twice a week" is fundable; "coffee drinkers" is not. The tighter the definition, the more credible your customer acquisition plan and your revenue forecast become.

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Common market analysis mistakes

  • Citing a giant total market with no path to a realistic, serviceable share.
  • Unsourced or undated statistics that a reviewer cannot verify.
  • Defining the target market so broadly it tells the reader nothing.
  • Listing data without relating it back to your product and pricing.
  • Treating competition as an afterthought instead of a core part of the analysis.

The market analysis sits between your company description and your financial projections, and the demand it proves is exactly what your marketing plan sets out to capture, so the two must agree. If you would rather have it researched and written to a fundable standard, our how to write a business plan guide shows how the section fits the whole document.

Frequently asked questions

What is a market analysis in a business plan?+
It is the section that demonstrates demand for your product: the size and growth of the industry, a clearly defined target market, an analysis of the competition, and the barriers to entry. Its job is to prove, with sourced evidence, that enough of the right customers exist for the business to succeed.
What should a market analysis include?+
Four parts: an industry analysis (size, growth rate, and trends with cited sources), a target market definition (who buys and how many of them there are), a competitive analysis (direct and indirect rivals and the gap you fill), and barriers to entry. Each claim should tie back to your specific business.
How long should the market analysis section be?+
Usually one to three pages in the body of the plan. Keep the narrative to the figures that change a decision and move detailed tables, surveys, and raw data to the appendix so the section stays readable.
Where do you get data for a market analysis?+
Reputable sources such as IBISWorld, Statista, trade and industry associations, the U.S. Census, and government economic data. Always cite the source and the year; an unsourced statistic carries no weight with a lender or investor.

About the author

Priya Raman, Lead Business Plan Strategist

Priya Raman

Lead Business Plan Strategist

Priya spent more than a decade in small-business commercial lending and credit analysis, structuring and reviewing hundreds of loan files before she moved into advisory work. She writes Planypals' business plan and SBA guides from the lender's side of the desk, because she has sat there. A credit committee wants a clean use of funds, cash flow that comfortably covers the debt, and projections it can actually believe. Those are the things she helps founders get right.

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